BAKITA CERTIFICATE
About the book
Unachokisoma ni kitabu cha pekee kwa ajili ya somo la historia darasa la nne. Kitabu hiki kimeandaliwa kulingana na Muhitasari mpya wa somo la historia kwa ajili ya shule za msingi. Upekee wa kitabu hiki unatokana na mtindo uliotumika kufikisha ujumbe. Katika kitabu hiki, tunatumia mbinu shirikishi ambapo mwanafunzi anakuwa sehemu muhimu ya kujenga welewa wake na kufaulu. Mbinu shirikishi itakufanya upende kujifunza zaidi kutokana na fahari ya uvumbuzi wa mambo usiyoyajua bado. Utashangaa jinsi unavyoweza kuchochea na kukuza welewa wako kupitia mazingira yanayokuzunguka. Ustadi uliotumika kuandaa kitabu utakuwezesha kufaulu mitihani yako hata pale ambapo pana uhaba wa waalimu. Kitabu kimesanifiwa na wafundishaji wazoefu wa somo la historia. Mtiririko, vielelezo, bunguabongo, kazi za vikundi, na mazoezi vimepangiliwa vyema kuwezesha safari yako ya welewa kuwa rahisi. Vielelezo vinavyovutia kwa macho, vimeandaliwa kutoa elimu kwa kina. Kila mada imeandaliwa kwa makini kuhakikisha kuwa welewa ni wa kiwango cha juu. Mwisho wa mwaka utakuwa umefahamu asili na chimbuko la binadamu, jamii katika zama mbalimbali na tamaduni. Lengo la kitabu hiki ni kukuandaa kuwa mwelewa, mdadisi, mzalendo na kijana anayefaa kutumainiwa na jamii. Utakapokuwa umefaulu mitihani yako, ukifika darasa la tano, tumekuandalia kitabu kingine kuendeleza safari yako ya welewa na maarifa.
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Table of contents
Sura ya Kwanza: Asili ya Binadamu...............................................................1 Historia ya Binadamu..........................................................................................1 Simulizi.................................................................................................................1 Masalia.................................................................................................................2 Sehemu za kihistoria.......................................................................................3 Maandiko............................................................................................................5 Makumbusho.....................................................................................................5 Chimbuko la Binadamu......................................................................................7 Mtazamo wa kidini..........................................................................................7 Mtazamo wa kisayansi...................................................................................7 Sura ya Pili: Mabadiliko ya kimaumbile ya binadamu katika nyakati mbalimbali ...........................................................................9 Hatua za mabadiliko ya binadamu...............................................................9 Hatua ya kwanza (primate).........................................................................9 Hatua ya pili (Zinjanthropus, Homo habilis).......................................10 Hatua ya tatu (Homo erectus)..................................................................14 Hatua ya nne (Homo sapiens)..................................................................15 Sura ya Tatu: Hatua za maendeleo katika zama mbalimbali...................18 Nyakati na matukio ya kihistoria.................................................................18 Matumizi ya KK na BK......................................................................................18 Zama za mawe....................................................................................................19 Zama za mawe za kale...............................................................................19 Zama za mawe za kati................................................................................20 Zama za mwisho za mawe........................................................................23 Zama za chuma..................................................................................................29 Sura ya Nne: Kukua kwa mifumo ya kiuchumi na kiutawala katika jamii za Tanzania hadi karne ya 19........................................32 Mwanzo wa mifumo ya kiuchumi na kiutawala......................................33 Ujima.......................................................................................................................33 Sifa za ujima...................................................................................................34 Shughuli za uzalishaji wakati wa ujima................................................35 Uongozi wakati wa ujima...........................................................................44 Ukabaila.................................................................................................................47 Nyarubanja......................................................................................................49 Umwinyi............................................................................................................50 Ubugabire ........................................................................................................51 Sura ya Tano: Mahusiano Miongoni mwa jamii za Tanzania hadi karne ya 19.......................................................................................53 Shughuli za uzalishaji mali..............................................................................53 Chimbuko la biashara.......................................................................................54 Manufaa ya biashara kwa jamii za kale.....................................................56 Uhusiano katika matumizi ya maliasili.......................................................57 Sura ya Sita: Utamaduni..........................................................................................66 Maana ya utamaduni........................................................................................66 Elimu..................................................................................................................66 Ushirikina.........................................................................................................67 Ndoa na uchumba........................................................................................68 Kurithi wajane................................................................................................68 Kumiliki na kurithi mali..............................................................................68 Miiko ya vyakula............................................................................................69 Unyanyasaji wanawake..............................................................................69 Kutokomeza mila na desturi zisizofaa........................................................71 Manufaa ya mila na desturi katika jamii...................................................72 Mtazamo wa mila na desturi za kale kwa sasa.......................................73 Sanaa.................................................................................................................73 Lugha.................................................................................................................75 Dini.....................................................................................................................75 Maelezo ya maneno magumu yaliyotumika.......................................................79
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