Table of contents
The origin of Man………………………………………………………………………………….1 History of origin of Man…………………….........…………………………………………1 Oral traditions………………………………………………….....................…………..1 Museums………………………………………............................................................2 Historical sites……………………………………………............................…………..4 Archives……………………………………………........................................…………..5 Archeologists……………………………………………………….........................…….6 Other sources……………………………………………………...........................…….7 Religious and Scientific view on the origin of man……….…..........……..8 Religious explanation (creation)…………………………...................…...........8 Scientific explanation (evolution)……………………………............................8 Evolution of Man……..................................................................................................11 The general theory of evolution of Man…………………..................…………..11 Stages of evolution of Man…………….......……………………………..11 Primates………………………...................................................................………..12 Australopithecus Africanus…………….....................................………………12 Zinjanthropus………………………………………….......................................……13 Homo Habilis…………………………………........................................................14 Homo Erectus………………………………….......................................……………15 Homo Sapiens…………………………………………………..............................….15 Home of the earliest Man………………………………………………..16 Stages in development of Mankind………………………..............………………..18 The Stone Age………………………………………………….....................................….18 The Early or Old Stone Age……………………........................................……18 The Middle Stone Age……………………………………................................…..20 The Late or New Stone Age……………………………………………................22 Iron Age………………………………………...............................................................…26 Economic benefits of iron tools…………………………………..........…………27 Social benefits of iron tools……………………………………………….....……..28 The development of economic and social political systems among Tanzanian societies up to the 19th century – communalism......…....…….31 Communalism…………...............................................…………………………………….32 Economic activities under communalism………………………………..……..33 Gathering………………………………………………...............................………..33 Hunting………………………………………………...............................................34 Fishing……………………………………………………….......................................35 Pottery……………………………………………....................................................37 Basketry……………………………………………….......................................…….38 Iron smelting……………………………………………….....................................39 Carving………………………………………………………......................................40 Crop production…………………………………….............................................40 Animal keeping………………………………………..........................................41 Leadership under communalism……………………….......………………………43 The development of economic and social political systems among Tanzanian societies up to the 19th century – Feudalism.......………………..45 Feudalism…………………………………………………......................................................45 Characteristics of feudalism………………......………………………………………46 Forms of feudalism……………………….................…………………………………..46 Leadership under feudalism………………………………………….....…………….48 Interactions among Tanzanian societies up to the 19th Century………..52 Relations in batter trade…………………………………...........................……………..52 Commodity Exchange…………………………………….........................................53 Trade relations………………………………………………………..........................……….55 Benefits of trade…………………………………………………………………..............56 Relations in the use of natural resources…………………………………………….57 Water bodies…………………………….....................................................………….57 Minerals……………………………………...............................................................…58 Land………………………………….............................................................................60 Mountains………………………....................................................................………..61 Wild life………………………….....................................................................………..62 Culture……………………………......................................................………………..……….66 Education…………………....................................................................................……66 Marriage……………………………........................................................................……68 Upbringing of children………………………………............................................….70 Dances…………………………………...................................................................…….71 Handicraft..……………………………….............................................................……..72 Religion…………………………………………….........................................................…73 Food taboo………………………………………….........................................................74 Gender discrimination………………………………………………..........................…74 Inheritance of widows………………………………..................................................75 Importance of customs and norms to the ancient societies…………...…76 Outdated customs and norms……………………….............................................77 Effects of outdated customs and norms…………………….......................……77 How end harmful customs and norms…………………………....................…..77 Glossary……………………………….....................................................................………..81 The origin of Man………………………………………………………………………………….1 History of origin of Man…………………….........…………………………………………1 Oral traditions………………………………………………….....................…………..1 Museums………………………………………............................................................2 Historical sites……………………………………………............................…………..4 Archives……………………………………………........................................…………..5 Archeologists……………………………………………………….........................…….6 Other sources……………………………………………………...........................…….7 Religious and Scientific view on the origin of man……….…..........……..8 Religious explanation (creation)…………………………...................…...........8 Scientific explanation (evolution)……………………………............................8 Evolution of Man……..................................................................................................11 The general theory of evolution of Man…………………..................…………..11 Stages of evolution of Man…………….......……………………………..11 Primates………………………...................................................................………..12 Australopithecus Africanus…………….....................................………………12 Zinjanthropus………………………………………….......................................……13 Homo Habilis…………………………………........................................................14 Homo Erectus………………………………….......................................……………15 Homo Sapiens…………………………………………………..............................….15 Home of the earliest Man………………………………………………..16 Stages in development of Mankind………………………..............………………..18 The Stone Age………………………………………………….....................................….18 The Early or Old Stone Age……………………........................................……18 The Middle Stone Age……………………………………................................…..20 The Late or New Stone Age……………………………………………................22 Iron Age………………………………………...............................................................…26 Economic benefits of iron tools…………………………………..........…………27 Social benefits of iron tools……………………………………………….....……..28 The development of economic and social political systems among Tanzanian societies up to the 19th century – communalism......…....…….31 Communalism…………...............................................…………………………………….32 Economic activities under communalism………………………………..……..33 Gathering………………………………………………...............................………..33 Hunting………………………………………………...............................................34 Fishing……………………………………………………….......................................35 Pottery……………………………………………....................................................37 Basketry……………………………………………….......................................…….38 Iron smelting……………………………………………….....................................39 Carving………………………………………………………......................................40 Crop production…………………………………….............................................40 Animal keeping………………………………………..........................................41 Leadership under communalism……………………….......………………………43 The development of economic and social political systems among Tanzanian societies up to the 19th century – Feudalism.......………………..45 Feudalism…………………………………………………......................................................45 Characteristics of feudalism………………......………………………………………46 Forms of feudalism……………………….................…………………………………..46 Leadership under feudalism………………………………………….....…………….48 Interactions among Tanzanian societies up to the 19th Century………..52 Relations in batter trade…………………………………...........................……………..52 Commodity Exchange…………………………………….........................................53 Trade relations………………………………………………………..........................……….55 Benefits of trade…………………………………………………………………..............56 Relations in the use of natural resources…………………………………………….57 Water bodies…………………………….....................................................………….57 Minerals……………………………………...............................................................…58 Land………………………………….............................................................................60 Mountains………………………....................................................................………..61 Wild life………………………….....................................................................………..62 Culture……………………………......................................................………………..……….66 Education…………………....................................................................................……66 Marriage……………………………........................................................................……68 Upbringing of children………………………………............................................….70 Dances…………………………………...................................................................…….71 Handicraft..……………………………….............................................................……..72 Religion…………………………………………….........................................................…73 Food taboo………………………………………….........................................................74 Gender discrimination………………………………………………..........................…74 Inheritance of widows………………………………..................................................75 Importance of customs and norms to the ancient societies…………...…76 Outdated customs and norms……………………….............................................77 Effects of outdated customs and norms…………………….......................……77 How end harmful customs and norms…………………………....................…..77 Glossary……………………………….....................................................................………..81
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